Results concluded that the introduced core has a significant influence on conductivity,hole mobility, energy level, and solubility of linear HTMs.
M103 and M104 with nonfused oligothiophene cores are superior to other HTMs in terms of conductivity, hole mobility, and surface morphology. PSCs based on M104 exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.50% under AM 1.5 sun, which is comparable to that of spiro-OMeTAD (16.67%)under the same conditions.